The deeper elements are Greek hieros and glyphein. The adjective travelled through Latin and French; a shortened French noun then supplied English hieroglyph.
The French noun was formed from the longer adjective. The English word was not borrowed directly from Egyptian.
Sources
- Merriam-Webster: hieroglyph
Word History gives the French noun and its back-formation.
- Merriam-Webster: hieroglyphic
Did You Know and adjective Word History give both Greek glosses and the route through Latin and French.
- Online Etymology Dictionary: hierarch
Also built on Greek *hieros* "sacred": hierarchy (via hierarkhēs "leader of sacred rites", from ta hiera, plural of hieros)
- Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales · hiéroglyphe
Meanings of the older forms on the word path.
- Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales · hiéroglyphique
Meanings of the older forms on the word path.