New Latin chronologia joins a time element to a discipline ending. English borrowed that formation.
The deeper origin of Greek chrónos is obscure.
Sources
- Merriam-Webster: chronology
The word was borrowed from New Latin chronologia.
- Merriam-Webster: chrono-
The time element derives from chrónos.
- Merriam-Webster: -logy
The ending forms discipline names.
- Online Etymology Dictionary: chrono-
Also built on *chrono-*, from Greek *khronos* "time": chronic, chronicle, anachronism
- Online Etymology Dictionary · chronology
Meanings of the older forms on the word path.